Git Commands.

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Essential Git Commands

Git is a powerful version control system, and here are some of the most commonly used commands:

1. Setup & Configuration

git --version             # Check Git version
git config --global user.name "Devopspat35"  
git config --global user.email "patemf2021@yahoo.com"  
git config --list         # View current Git configuration  

2. Creating & Cloning Repositories

git init                  # Initialize a new Git repository  
git clone <repo_url>      # Clone an existing repository  

3. Working with Branches

git branch               # List all branches  
git branch <branch_name> # Create a new branch  
git checkout <branch_name> # Switch to another branch  
git checkout -b <branch_name> # Create and switch to a new branch  
git merge <branch_name>  # Merge a branch into the current branch  
git branch -d <branch_name>  # Delete a branch  
git branch -D <branch_name>  # Force delete a branch  

4. Staging & Committing Changes

git status               # Check status of changes  
git add <file>           # Stage a specific file  
git add .                # Stage all changes  
git commit -m "Commit message"  # Commit staged changes  
git commit --amend -m "New message"  # Modify the last commit message  

5. Viewing History & Logs

git log                  # View commit history  
git log --oneline --graph --all  # Compact history with branches  
git show <commit_hash>   # View details of a specific commit  
git diff                 # Show unstaged changes  
git diff --staged        # Show staged changes  

6. Undoing Changes

git restore <file>       # Discard changes in a file  
git reset HEAD <file>    # Unstage a file  
git reset --hard <commit_hash>  # Reset to a specific commit and discard changes  

7. Pushing & Pulling Code

git remote -v            # View remote repositories  
git push origin <branch> # Push changes to remote  
git pull origin <branch> # Pull latest changes from remote  
git fetch                # Fetch latest changes without merging  
git rebase <branch>      # Reapply commits on top of another branch  

8. Working with Tags

git tag                  # List all tags  
git tag -a v1.0 -m "Version 1.0"  # Create an annotated tag  
git push origin --tags   # Push tags to remote  
git tag -d <tag_name>    # Delete a tag  

9. Handling Merge Conflicts

git merge <branch>       # Merge a branch  
# If conflicts occur, manually resolve them in the affected files  
git add <file>           # Mark conflicts as resolved  
git commit -m "Resolved merge conflict"  

10. Stashing Changes

git stash                # Save changes temporarily  
git stash list           # View stashed changes  
git stash apply          # Apply the latest stashed changes  
git stash drop           # Remove the latest stash  
git stash pop            # Apply and remove the latest stash